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Robberies At Maritime trade routes, seizure of transported goods or whole vessels, abducting crews for ransom – these are not only memories about fairytale feats of former buccaneers from old centuries but it is dangerous reality recent of several years as well. Cabotage in many regions has become as dangerous as in famous Crimson Pirate or Francis Drake’s era. Contemporary maritime robbers are same brutal, frequently well equipped and last but not least some of them keep in touch with terrorist organizations.
Piracy exists almost as long as maritime trade traffic but the real heyday was between XVI and XVII centuries after the discovery of America where to the Europe sailed ships full of gold and silver from and in opposite direction, vessels transporting other valuable merchants. Not only were independent rebels involved in plundering ships but pirates served lords of various countries as well. According to contracts called letter of marque. That kind of services have been in use by Polish kings as e.g. Kazimierz Jagiellończyk or Zygmunt Stary as well. The most famous pirate – Francis Drake was awarded by English Queen for robbing Spanish gold in 80’s XVI centrury. He got knighthood. Another well known buccaneer – Henry Morgan for attacks against Spanish colonies became not only noble but the governor of Jamiaca as well.
Beginning of XIX century ended the most intensive period of pirate raids at sea and through a long time, the phenomenon of piracy despite small incidents conducted by Vietnamese robbers called “boat peoples” in 70’s, seemed to disappear. Unfortunately, after peaceful years, in the early 90’s, problem revived. On coastal waters of South America, especially off the coast of Brazilian and Ecuadorian, Peruvian and Caribbean harbors, in Africa (Gulf of Guinea, Somalia coast, Tanzania, Senagal), at Red Seaand especially South – East Asia. The most dangerous are currently waters of Bay of Bengal, very lively Strait of Malakka, South China Sea, Territorial waters of Singapore and Indonesia, where are the most important farwaters(szlak wodny), connecting Europe and Middle(?) East with China and Japan. Between Indonesia and Malaysia each year sail 50 thousand vessels transporting a quarter of worldwide maritime cargo, what is more majority of global petroleum supply.
Contemporary pirates are both small groups descended from the poor of harbor thieves and impoverished fishermen, typical for African waters and powerful gangs living well thank to good robbed at sea. The firsts break into ships staying at anchorage at night. They come up by canoe, bulling crew by knives, machetes, barely weapons, then rob everything what they are able to steal.
The seconds are professional, criminal groups, very well organized and armed, frequently bribing indigenous police, coast guard, shipping companies, port facility workers and even vessel crews for providing freedom in action and information about valuable merchandise. They move by very fast sometime armed boats, ambushing ships under surveillance even at high seas. They have got even GPS, devices for tapping and disturbing radio signals, diving equipment and personal water crafts. They can rapidly empty cargo of captured ship’s hold and disappear with loot. In addition, they can hijack merchant vessels and tourist yachts which are given back for ransom or after repainting, name changing and registering under another flag. |